K. Dewangan

4D printing for biomedical and robotic applications: Materials, mechanisms, stimuli, and emerging trends – A comprehensive review

Four-dimensional (4D) printing represents a paradigm shift in additive manufacturing by which three-dimensionally printed objects are able to perform temporally changing shape, property, or function upon stimulation by environmental signals. In this review, the state-of-the-art of 4D printing technology, especially as...