When channelrhodopsin goes off-target: biophysical signatures of ectopic expression in neurons.
The Cre-lox system allows targeted expression of optogenetic proteins such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), but can also produce unintended expression in non-target cells. In a VGLUT1-Cre::ChR2(H134R)-eYFP mouse line, we bred mice that correctly expressed ChR2 in VGLUT1 positive neurons. This was corroborated with whole c...