Testbed Design and Performance Emulation for Satellite–Terrestrial Integrated Networks
Satellite–terrestrial integrated networks (STINs) can extend remote sensor telemetry, remote Internet of Things (IoT), and emergency communication services beyond terrestrial coverage, but their evaluation is complicated by heterogeneous mobility, channel, resource, and control-plane dynamics. This study presents a software-based modular testbed and performance-emulation framework for STINs. The framework integrates scenario generation, model-driven data processing, replaceable algorithm engines, scheduler-based execution control, and a Kafka-style message interface. It models terrestrial, unmanned aerial vehicle, and low-Earth-orbit satellite entities and provides link-budget abstraction, access control, mobility-aware handover, traffic generation, scheduling, load balancing, adaptive routing, and multi-mode transmission for mixed sensing and communication traffic. The representative strategies are evaluated using a lightweight emulation model parameterized by standards-informed NTN and link-budget assumptions. Representative results reveal tradeoffs between access, handover, routing, and scheduling strategies, together with sensitivity to workload, mobility, outage, demand, and selected model parameters. The proposed framework therefore supports traceable STIN strategy evaluation for remote sensor networks, sensing-data backhaul, and remote-IoT service scenarios under explicit emulation assumptions.