Limited evidence is available for the association between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and childhood bone mineral density (BMD). Among 755 mother-child pairs in the Shanghai Birth Cohort, ten PFAS were measured in first-trimester maternal plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and childhood lumbar spine BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) were applied. In the overall analyses, PFHpA was suggestively associated with higher total BMD (β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.27). Sex-stratified analyses indicated possible differences by sex. Among girls, PFDA and PFDoA showed inverse associations with total BMD (β = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.57, 0.00 and β = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.04, respectively). Among boys, PFHpA showed a positive association with total BMD (β = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37). BKMR analyses suggested that mixture effects tended to be inverse among girls and positive among boys at higher quantiles. In qgcomp models, the positive association was most evident for L3 BMD among boys (β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.45). Our findings provide preliminary evidence that prenatal PFAS exposure may be associated with childhood BMD, with possible sex-specific patterns.
Lingyan Lou, Qian Chen, Jian Xu et al.· Journal of Hazardous Materia...· 0 citations
Abstract Background Infant sleep is multidimensional, with sleep habits and sleep problems often co‐occurring and changing rapidly during early life. Evidence links infant sleep with later neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes, yet few studies have examined overall sleep patterns, their changes over time, and outcomes across multiple preschool domains. We examined associations of sleep patterns at 6 and 12 months and their transitions with preschool neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes. Methods This prospective cohort study included 1707 children from the Shanghai Birth Cohort. Infant sleep at 6 and 12 months was assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep patterns were identified at each time point using latent class analysis based on multiple sleep indicators, and children with sleep data at both ages were classified into transition groups. At age 4, outcomes were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Social Responsiveness Scale‐Short Form (SRS‐SF), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Preschool Version (BRIEF‐P). Multivariable linear regression estimated associations. Results At 6 and 12 months, 66.02% and 69.18% of infants were classified as having a good sleep pattern. Among children with sleep data at both time points, 51.57% had consistently good sleep, 16.68% improved, 14.44% deteriorated, and 17.31% had consistently poor sleep. Poor sleep at 6 months was associated with higher SDQ Total Difficulties scores. Poor sleep at 12 months was associated with higher SDQ Total Difficulties, SRS‐SF Total, and BRIEF‐P Global Executive Composite scores. Consistently poor sleep from 6 to 12 months was associated with less favorable outcomes than consistently good sleep. Conclusion Poorer infant sleep patterns, especially at 12 months and when persistent from 6 to 12 months, were associated with less favorable preschool neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes. These findings support infant sleep patterns as an early‐life factor relevant to developmental research and monitoring.
Wei Wei, Jun Zhang, Hui Wang· JCPP Advances· 0 citations
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