Open access
Oct 2026
Circular 4D Printing of Multi-Functional Polymers.
To overcome the irreversible cross-linking and constrained performance in conventional 3D printing materials, we propose a molecular design strategy integrating dynamic covalent bonds and polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds for 4D (4-dimensional) printing. Using programmable cardanol-based polyurethane acrylates w...
Xing-Xiang Liu, Ye Sha, Yun Hu et al.
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