Pre-existing and Cross-Reactive Immunity to Avian Influenza H5N1 in Humans: Implications for Pandemic Risk and Vaccine Strategies.
Current evidence on cross-reactive and cross-protective immunity to H5N1 in humans, focusing primarily on humoral immune responses is summarized, and particular attention is given to antibodies targeting conserved regions of hemagglutinin (HA) as well as neuraminidase (NA), which may provide heterosubtypic protection.