John P. Andrawis

General anesthesia is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality in frail patients undergoing hip fracture fixation.

INTRODUCTION Anesthetic management of hip fracture fixation has two primary modalities: general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). Choice of anesthesia often depends on institutional protocols and the individual anesthesiologist, due to a lack of consensus guidelines. Most studies have conflicting evidence and...