The ER stress-autophagy axis in cancer-induced muscle wasting: Unveiling the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway as a therapeutic target.
This review examines how tumor-derived signals activate IRE1α/XBP1 to upregulate both the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS); its crosstalk with inflammatory and metabolic networks; and the therapeutic potential of IRE1α inhibitors, XBP1-directed strategies, and nutritional approaches including arginine.