Jing-Zheng Zeng

Effect of intranasal insulin pretreatment on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty in high-altitude areas: a single-centre, prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial study protocol

Abstract Introduction Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and severe complication following surgery, particularly in high-altitude areas where the hypoxic environment may exacerbate cognitive dysfunction. Patients undergoing knee arthroplasty are at an increased risk of POD due to surgical stress, inflammation and...