Jing-Xian Zhu

Jawbone periosteal cell spheroids exhibit early osteogenic responses through F-actin/NF-κB–mediated mechanotransduction

Three-dimensional (3D) spheroids have emerged as a powerful approach for studying ossification and bone regeneration. However, it remains unclear whether a 3D self-assembly process can initiate early osteogenic responses under physiologically relevant, induction-free conditions. In this study, we established a scaffold...