Jigang Shan

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness in chronic kidney disease: mechanistic insights and emerging precision approaches

ESA hyporesponsiveness should be viewed as a multifactorial clinical phenotype rather than simply insufficient EPO replacement, and Integrating mechanistic phenotyping with structured clinical evaluation may help shift anemia management from empirical ESA dose escalation toward more individualized, mechanism-based trea...