Dynamic Impact Behavior and Adiabatic Temperature Rise–Induced Damage Modeling of Ice-Saturated Frozen Soil: A DEM Study
Adiabatic temperature rise is a damage mechanism in frozen soil that occurs under impact loading, yet it is rarely incorporated into discrete element method (DEM) modeling frameworks. To address this limitation, a thermal–mechanical parallel-bonded stress corrosion model was developed within the particle flow code (P...