Bioelectronics establish bidirectional communication between living systems and electronic devices, providing an enabling platform for continuous health monitoring, tissue repair, personalized intervention, and intelligent human–machine interfaces. However, the mechanical rigidity, limited biological compatibility, a...
This work identifies the algorithmic origin of bias through a key index-function-dependent quantity, which is term effective exploration rate, and shows how bias most severely distorts confidence intervals and hypothesis tests when the tested arm is one of the tied-optimal arms.
Bandit algorithms generate data for downstream inference, but adaptive sampling biases post-bandit sample means. We analyze this bias for stable index algorithms, including UCB1 and its generalizations, and derive sharp leading-order expressions for the sample-mean bias and expected $Z$-statistic. Our characterization...
Lisu Wang, Yilun Chen, Jiaqi Lu· 0 citations
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