Jiao Xue

The impact of different intervention methods (anesthetic adjuvant drugs, anesthetic techniques, and non-pharmacological interventions) on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

This network meta-analysis suggests that intranasal insulin, gastrodin, cognitive training, esketamine, and dexmedetomidine may reduce POD or POCD after cardiac surgery, however, the comparative rankings are uncertain for interventions supported by few studies, and the MMSE-change findings remain exploratory.