Terrestrial plants are frequently exposed to fluctuating abiotic stresses throughout their life cycle, and mycorrhizae can markedly enhance host plant resistance to such challenges. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance host plant tolerance through multiple mechanisms. AMF promote stress tolerance through diverse mechanisms, including nutrient solubilization, polyamine accumulation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, physiological improvements, maintenance of ultrastructural stability via membrane integrity, accumulation of osmolytes such as trehalose, proline, polyamine, and glycine betaine, and activation of antioxidant enzymes to alleviate oxidative stress. While substantial progress has been made, the underlying AMF-mediated stress tolerance mechanisms remain underexplored. Future research should focus on dissecting how signaling pathways interact to regulate gene expression in mycorrhizal plants and elucidating the complex regulatory networks operating at the plant-AMF interface. We also outline key research directions for clarifying plant-AMF interactions under stress conditions, as current research highlights the use of beneficial soil microbes to mitigate stress and enhance crop resilience.
Wen-Jing Rui, Jiangtao Du, Jing Li et al.· Physiologia Plantarum : An I...· 0 citations
Apyrases (APYs), nucleoside triphosphate-diphosphohydrolases, serve as critical enzymes in regulating extracellular ATP levels and maintaining biochemical homeostasis under stress conditions. Under the escalating pressures of global climate change, the adverse effects of rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns on crop productivity have become increasingly severe. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis, B.rapa), a globally significant cruciferous crop, faces substantial threats due to its high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Throughout its growth cycle, it is frequently subjected to various environmental stresses and exhibits high sensitivity to drought stress and temperature fluctuations. In this study, we systematically identified 13 APY genes in the B.rapa genome and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and cis-regulatory elements. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of BrAPYs and their differential regulation under drought, extreme temperature, and cold stress conditions. These findings establish a molecular framework for understanding the stress-responsive functions of APYs in Chinese cabbage and highlight potential targets for enhancing stress tolerance through genetic improvement.
Yang Zhou, Jiangtao Du, Shanyu Li et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
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