The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) constitutes a highly conserved regulatory hub governing protein turnover and signal transduction in eukaryotes, which precisely determines the fate of substrate proteins via dynamic and reversible ubiquitination. During long-term coevolution between plants and viruses, the UPS has evolved into a critical battlefield for host–virus arms races. Plants exploit the substrate recognition specificity and proteolytic activity of the UPS to selectively eliminate essential viral proteins required for infection, thereby establishing multilayered antiviral immune barriers. In contrast, viruses have evolved diverse effector proteins to antagonize or hijack this pathway to facilitate their replication and spread. Competitive exploitation of this shared regulatory machinery underlies the fundamental logic of bidirectional regulation in plant–virus interactions. This review systematically summarizes the molecular basis of UPS-mediated plant antiviral immunity, as well as convergent pathogenic strategies adopted by diverse viruses to perturb ubiquitin signaling, suppress host immune responses, and reprogram the intracellular environment. The work aims to provide theoretical insights for deciphering viral pathogenesis and breeding crops with durable virus resistance.
By combining next-generation sequencing (NGS), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR, we sequenced from adult bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus) the near-complete genome of a previously undescribed virus (related to Anopheline-associated C virus), which we named “Megalurothrips usitatus associated virus 1” (MUaV1). The viral genome comprises two linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA segments, designated RNA1 (3658 nt) and RNA2 (2041 nt), which shared 35.75% and 23.74% nucleotide identity with Anopheline-associated C virus (YP_009011225.1) and chronic bee paralysis virus (ASM62179.1), respectively. According to phylogenetic analysis, MUaV1 shares the closest evolutionary relationship with Anopheline-associated C virus, followed by chronic bee paralysis virus. A clear predominance of 22 nt vsiRNAs, characteristic of Dicer-mediated siRNA processing in insects, was observed, demonstrating that MUaV1 is capable of infecting the bean flower thrips and activating its antiviral RNAi response. Our study provides the first characterization of this virus in the bean flower thrips, enhancing our understanding of the bean flower thrips virome.
Xi-Tong Zhu, Heng Li, Lin Lin et al.· Viruses· 0 citations
Most hemipteran insects are plant sap-feeders that maintain diverse symbionts, which are essential for their nutrition, development, and defense. Elucidating the mechanisms governing the symbiont transmission is fundamental to understanding ecological adaptations of these insects. This review synthesizes current molecular insights underlying symbiotic microbe transmission in hemipterans. We explore the diverse strategies that these insects acquire, maintain, and transmit their symbiotic microbes, with particular emphasis on the molecular determinants involved in these processes. The discussion encompasses the role of immune system modulation in facilitating symbiont accommodation, the molecular machinery responsible for symbiont packaging and transfer, and the influence of environmental factors on transmission fidelity. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in identifying insect- and symbiont-derived molecules that mediate these interactions, providing a detailed perspective on the intricate molecular dialogue between host and symbiont. Overall, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular landscape shaping symbiotic microbe transmission in hemipteran insects.
Hong-Wei Shan, Jian-Ping Chen, Jun-min Li· Current Opinion in Insect Sc...· 0 citations
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