Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Research progress on the pathophysiological mechanisms of pioglitazone-induced heart failure: a review
While fluid retention and vascular changes demonstrate strong clinical evidence, direct myocardial toxicity remains primarily observed in vitro and lacks clinical confirmation, whereas evidence for genetic susceptibility and direct cardiotoxicity remains limited.
Jian-Li Li, Yi-Fei Zhang, Xue-Wen Li
· Frontiers in Cardiovascular... · 0 citations