Jian Chang

Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacologic, laser, and combination therapies for infantile hemangioma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis with evidence certainty assessment

Introduction Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common childhood vascular tumors, potentially complicated by ulceration and permanent functional or aesthetic sequelae. Current treatments include corticosteroids, β-blockers, and lasers, among others, existing evidence relies predominantly on direct pairwise compari...