Resolving Active-Site Heterogeneity in Fe–N–C Catalysts by Integrated Multimodal Spectroscopy and Simulation
Fe–N–C single-atom catalysts are among the most promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet their atomic-scale structure remains difficult to resolve because high-temperature synthesis generates a diverse population of Fe sites. In this work, we combine Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectrosc...