Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Adults: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Evidence-Informed Management.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) encompass cognitive change identified before or after surgery. Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute, fluctuating disorder of attention and awareness, whereas delayed neurocognitive recovery and postoperative mild or major neurocognitive disorder describe objectively ass...