A pH-responsive O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoencapsulation improves λ-cyhalothrin efficacy and induces sex-specific responses in Conogethes punctiferalis.
BACKGROUND Conventional pesticides suffer from poor foliar retention, rapid degradation, and high non-target toxicity, driving the need for smarter delivery systems. To address these limitations, we encapsulated λ-cyhalothrin in O-carboxymethyl chitosan (LC@O-CMCS), and comprehensively evaluated its physicochemical pro...