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Author

Jiajun Ruan

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#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Do LLMs Really Forget? Hidden-State Leakage in Model Unlearning and How to Fix it

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) is typically evaluated at the output level, where a model appears to suppress sensitive or undesirable content. In this work, we show that such evaluations can create an illusion of forgetting: even when output-level leakage is eliminated, sensitive information can remain enco...

Hadi Reisizadeh, Jia-Jun Ruan, Si-Jia Liu et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

Beyond Handcrafted Security: Towards Self-Evolving Defense for LLM Agents

This work develops a harness-level formulation of runtime defense that systematically characterizes how harness mechanisms enable defense construction and provides a unified view of existing runtime defense interventions from a harness perspective, and proposes HARD (Harness-based Autonomous Runtime Defense Evolution),...

Jia-Jun Ruan, Pei-Yang Li, Yu-Kun Chen et al. · 1 citation

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