Open access
Aug 2026
Effects of Fermented Grape Seed in Breeding-Pigeon Diets on Growth Performance, Immune Responses, and Oxidative Status of Offspring Squabs
Simple Summary Fermented grape seed (FGS) is produced from grape-processing by-products and contains a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds, indicating its potential value as a feed ingredient. During early growth, squabs depend primarily on parental feeding; therefore, the composition of the parental diet may...
Hong-Lei Sun, Hui-Guo Yang, Hai-Ying Li et al.
· Animals · 0 citations