AI-assisted metabolomic profiling identifies candidate metabolites associated with diabetic kidney disease staging in a Korean cohort
Summary Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is commonly staged using albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), yet complementary molecular markers are needed. We profiled urine and serum metabolites from 92 Korean participants (72 with type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy controls) using ga...