Jesung Park

Engine-Equal, Human-Unequal: A Reproducible Outcome Skew in Engine-Assessed Equal Chess Positions

Among chess opening positions that a strong engine judges essentially equal (Stockfish 18 evaluation within 10 centipawns of zero, depth-stable) and that humans actually reach on Lichess (October 2025; 1,661 positions, 16.1M occurrences), human results are not balanced. Positions carry outcome skews, each the gap betwe...