Purpose: To assess the ability of large language models to accurately and comprehensively respond to frequently asked questions and generate patient education materials related to uncommon retinal conditions. Methods: A total of 50 frequently asked questions related to 10 uncommon retinal conditions were input into 3 large language models: ChatGPT-4o1, Google Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Microsoft Copilot (updated January 7, 2025). The accuracy and completeness of responses to frequently asked questions were evaluated by retina specialists using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (very inaccurate/not at all complete) to 5 (very accurate/completely complete), while readability was assessed using validated indices. The large language models were also instructed to generate patient education materials at specific reading levels, which were again evaluated for accuracy, completeness, and readability. Results: Responses to patient frequently asked questions were written at mean grade levels of 15.3 ± 1.4 (ChatGPT), 15.7 ± 1.9 (Gemini), and 14.6 ± 1.3 (Copilot), respectively (P = .02). Mean accuracy scores were 4.02 ± 0.7, 4.16 ± 0.7, and 3.81 ± 0.8. Accuracy scores for large language models-generated patient education materials were 4.70 ± 0.7 (ChatGPT), 4.85 ± 0.4 (Gemini), and 4.30 ± 0.8 (Copilot). When instructed to revise educational materials to improve understandability, all large language models significantly reduced reading levels by 4.8 (ChatGPT), 6.9 (Gemini), and 3.8 (Copilot) grade levels (P < .001) without compromising accuracy. Conclusions: Large language models can accurately respond to patients’ frequently asked questions related to uncommon retinal conditions. Furthermore, large language models can effectively improve the readability of existing education materials for patients with varying levels of health literacy. A deeper understanding of large language model applications may facilitate their integration into clinical practice.
Samuel A. Cohen, P. Tailor, Adrian C Au et al.· Journal of VitreoRetinal Dis...· 0 citations
PURPOSE
To compare the refractive, visual, and anatomic outcomes following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair in pseudophakic patients with prior placement of multifocal intraocular lenses (MFIOLs) treated by combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling (PPV/SB) or PPV alone.
DESIGN
Retrospective clinical cohort study.
METHODS
A total of 100 patients with MFIOLs who underwent RRD repair at a single tertiary academic center between January 1, 2014 and November 1, 2025 were reviewed. Sixty-two eyes underwent PPV alone and 38 eyes underwent combined PPV/SB. Demographic characteristics, surgical details, pre- and post-operative refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications were collected. The primary outcome was change in spherical equivalent at least 3 months following RRD repair. Secondary outcomes included visual acuity and single-surgery anatomic reattachment.
RESULTS
Post-operative refractions were obtained at an average of 5.4±3.3 months following RRD repair. Eyes treated with PPV alone demonstrated a mean postoperative myopic shift of -0.05±0.53D compared with -1.03±0.78D in eyes that received SB as part of repair (p<0.05). Twenty-three of thirty-three SB-treated eyes (60.5%) demonstrated a postoperative myopic shift of ≤ -1.0D and nine eyes (23.7%) demonstrated a shift of ≤ -0.5D. Patients receiving #240 bands demonstrated the smallest mean myopic shift (-0.78±0.62D) compared with #41 bands (-1.14±0.84D) and #42 bands (-2.0±0.71D), although differences were not statistically significant (p=0.07). Single-surgery anatomic reattachment was achieved in 53 of 62 eyes (85.5%) treated with PPV alone and 34 of 38 eyes (89.5%) that received SB as part of the repair (p=0.56). No significant differences were noted in pre-operative or post-operative BCVA between treatment groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with eyes treated with PPV alone, the addition of a SB was associated with approximately -1.0D greater postoperative myopic shift while demonstrating similar visual and anatomic outcomes. Refractive outcomes following SB placement in patients with MFIOLs were comparable to prior reports in pseudophakic populations and may not represent a clinically prohibitive refractive change. These findings suggest that the addition of an encircling SB remains a viable option for RRDs in refractive-optimized patients.
J. K. Oh, Michael Y. Zhao, W. Smiddy et al.· American journal of ophthalm...· 0 citations
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