Minimal residual disease (MRD) denotes the persistence of malignant cells below the detection limits of conventional diagnostics and is a principal determinant of relapse and therapeutic failure. Enhancing MRD detection is therefore essential for precision oncology. Tumor‑derived circular RNAs (circRNAs)-covalently closed transcripts defined by back‑splice junctions-have emerged as compelling biomarkers for MRD owing to their exceptional stability, resistance to exonucleases, and enrichment in extracellular vesicles, which together enable reliable detection in biofluids. Beyond these analytical advantages, circRNAs actively participate in tumor biology through miRNA sponging, protein scaffolding, and transcriptional regulation, processes that contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, therapy resistance, and metastatic competence. This review integrates current knowledge of circRNA biogenesis and molecular function, surveys cancer-type-specific circRNA expression signatures, and evaluates evidence for their utility in MRD monitoring across hematologic and solid malignancies. We propose multilayered diagnostic frameworks combining circRNA profiling with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomal cargo analysis, and AI‑driven bioinformatics to improve sensitivity, specificity, and longitudinal risk stratification. Finally, we critically examine translational hurdles-preanalytical standardization, assay harmonization, cross‑platform reproducibility, clinical thresholding, and prospective validation-and outline strategic priorities to accelerate clinical implementation of circRNA‑based MRD surveillance for personalized patient management.
T. N. Alramadneh, Hussein salim abed, Sarah Qutayba Badraldin Qutayba Badraldin et al.· Journal of Investigative Med...· 0 citations
Vision restoration is a vital yet challenging objective in ophthalmology, as traditional therapies cannot reverse irreversible retinal damage. This issue is of significant concern, considering that millions globally are afflicted by untreatable degenerative conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration. Stem cell treatments and retinal organoid (RO) technology have emerged as revolutionary methodologies. ROs derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) autonomously form three-dimensional (3D) laminar structures that mimic the natural human retina, providing exceptional platforms for disease modeling, pharmacological screening, and cellular replacement. Clinical studies indicate that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation enhances visual function. In contrast, PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and RPE grafts have neuroprotective and regenerative capabilities in preclinical and early-phase trials. Notwithstanding this advancement, several challenges remain, including suboptimal cell survival, insufficient functional synaptic integration, immunological rejection, tumorigenic potential, and the absence of standardized production processes. This article presents three unique contributions, diverging from previous reviews that focus solely on positive outcomes: (1) a comprehensive assessment of advancements and challenges in PSCs, MSCs, RPCs, and RPE; (2) a methodical examination of the disparity between structural engraftment and genuine functional integration; and (3) a cohesive discourse on innovative strategies such as optogenetics, 3D bioprinting, and extracellular vesicle-based therapies. We consolidate recent clinical discoveries, highlight persistent obstacles, and provide a roadmap for the future. Growing evidence suggests that, despite significant obstacles, effective retinal regeneration is gradually becoming a reality.
B. Jaber, M. Abd, S. Younis et al.· International Immunopharmaco...· 0 citations
This review argues that circular topology should be viewed as an active pharmacologic variable, not merely a stability enhancement, and dissect recent advances in cap-independent translation initiation, including IRES elements and m6A-driven mechanisms, rolling-circle translation for multi-epitope vaccine design, and programmable stability circuits that integrate tumor-microenvironment cues such as miRNA signatures.
Amr A. El-Sehrawy, H. Al-Ameer, J. Rizaev et al.· Biotechnology and Bioenginee...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
