From Open-Loop EEG Decoder Development to Real-Time Closed-Loop Control of the RehAnkle Ankle Exoskeleton: A Controller-Level Validation Study
EEG-based motor imagery (MI) decoding is commonly evaluated in open loop, but strong offline performance does not necessarily translate into stable real-time control once decoder outputs drive a physical device. This issue is especially relevant for lower-limb exoskeletons, where initiating movement, sustaining movemen...