Smoking and solid fuel are common exposures among Chinese adults, yet evidence regarding their associations with cancer mortality remains inconsistent, and their joint effects are insufficiently studied. Using data from the Pengzhou site of the China Kadoorie Biobank in Sichuan Province, we applied Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations of smoking, cooking fuel use, and co-exposure with mortality from overall cancer and major site-specific cancers. Among 55,404 participants, 61.63% were women, 75.15% reported cooking, and 46.38% reported smoking; 2030 cancer deaths occurred during follow-up. Current smoking and solid fuel cooking were associated with 27% and 18% higher risks of overall cancer mortality. Initiation before 18 years increased overall cancer mortality by 37%, esophageal cancer mortality by 107%, and lung cancer mortality by 86%. Higher daily cigarette consumption, longer smoking duration, and greater cumulative smoking were each positively associated with mortality from overall cancer, esophageal cancer, and lung cancer. Compared with individuals who neither smoked nor used solid fuels, solid fuel use alone increased overall cancer mortality by 24%, while smoking alone increased overall mortality by 32% and esophageal cancer mortality by 144%. Individuals exposed to both smoking and solid fuel use had higher mortality risks, reaching 49% for overall cancer, 198% for esophageal cancer, and 94% for lung cancer. These findings highlight the critical importance of quitting smoking and promoting clean cooking fuels for cancer prevention.
Di Wu, Boke Chen, Xiao-Fang Chen et al.· International Journal of Can...· 0 citations
Abstract Background Adiposity is associated with increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women, while the association appears to be the inverse among premenopausal women in Western populations, but is unclear for Chinese women. Methods Using data on 284 538 women with no history of cancer, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or breast surgery at baseline in 2004–8 from the China Kadoorie Biobank (a prospective cohort study), Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer and its subtypes by measured body mass index (BMI) and other adiposity measures (waist circumference, fat percentage, waist–hip ratio, fat mass) and by self-reported BMI at age 25 years. Results Mean BMI was 23.8 (3.5 SD) kg/m2 at baseline (mean age 51.4 years) and 21.9 (2.7 SD) kg/m2 at age 25 years. During 10 years of follow-up, there were 2379 incident breast cancer cases. Higher BMI was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in women who were post-menopausal [HR = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.47] and premenopausal (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24) at baseline, but not when censoring at age 50 years to capture mainly premenopausal cancers. Among post-menopausal women, BMI was associated with oestrogen-receptor positive (ER ) (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.24–1.74), but not with oestrogen-receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer (HR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.75–1.37). Waist circumference and fat percentage were associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Conclusion In this cohort of Chinese women, higher levels of general and central adiposity were associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, in both women who were premenopausal and women who were post-menopausal at baseline. Among post-menopausal women, adiposity was associated with ER but not ER − breast cancer.
C. Kartsonaki, N. Wright, I. Millwood et al.· International Journal of Epi...· 0 citations
A role for lipid-driven chronic inflammation in IHD etiology is supported, and treatment strategies simultaneously targeting multiple lipid and inflammation pathways should be prioritized for further research to improve drug treatment of IHD beyond statin therapy.
Mohsen Mazidi, N. Wright, A. Pozarickij et al.· Journal of the American Coll...· 1 citation
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