Open access
Oct 2026
Geothermal and Aerothermal Heat Pumps in Continental Climates: A 21-Year Technical, Economic and Environmental Assessment in Castilla y León (Spain)
The decarbonisation of building heating in continental climates requires reliable high-efficiency electric technologies capable of operating under demanding winter conditions. This paper examines geothermal (GSHP) and aerothermal (ASHP) heat-pump deployment in Castilla y León (Spain) using two explicitly differentiated...
J. García-Alonso, D. González-Peña, Ousmane Wane et al.
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