Perioperative Hemodynamic Events following Intrathecal Fentanyl versus Buprenorphine as Adjuvants to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Infraumbilical Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic instability is a recognized consequence of spinal anesthesia, but comparative evidence on intrathecal fentanyl and buprenorphine under routine clinical conditions remains limited. OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia and to explore the timing of these events with in...