BI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS USING MODIFIED GRAY WOLF OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM: A RELIABILITY-CONSTRAINED CASE STUDY OF RURAL NIGERIA.
Reliable and affordable electricity access remains a major challenge in rural regions of developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES), integrating photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery energy storage systems (BESS), offer a viable decentralized solution. T...