Preprint
Aug 2026
MMMMM: A Unified Taxonomy for Investigating the Mechanisms of Multilingual MultiModal Misinformation
A novel, comprehensive taxonomy of multimodal misinformation grounded in an in-depth qualitative analysis of the data and prior theoretical work is developed, which leads to previously undocumented insights about how social media users combine images with text to spread misinformation in the wild.
Nadav Borenstein, Greta Warren, Desmond Elliott et al.
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