Preprint
Jul 2026
The Knowing-Saying Gap: When Probes See Errors that Confidence Misses
Probe-based monitoring is a necessary complement to verbalised confidence, but no single intervention dominates, and the deployable answer is model-aware, error-type-aware routing.
Jyotin Goel, Ipshita Bandyopadhyay, Justin Shenk
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