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Open access Aug 2026

The Qur'anic Perspective on Historical Causality

This article examines the epistemological debate surrounding the principle of causality in history, a concept frequently dismissed for allegedly undermining human free will. Employing a hermeneutic approach grounded in a Qur'anic perspective, the study analyzes this issue to construct a rational and scientific framework for historical explanation. The findings reveal that historical causality is inherently more complex than natural causality due to the unique intricacies of human behavior. Consequently, this study classifies historical causality into three distinct categories. First is categorical causality, denoting an absolute cause-and-effect process with no room for human intervention. Second is hypothetical causality, a conditional process wherein individuals possess the agency to manipulate specific circumstances to achieve desired outcomes. Third is orientative causality, a directional law of cause and effect that allows for a degree of deviation but triggers destructive consequences when its boundaries are breached. Ultimately, through this tripartite classification, the Qur'anic perspective provides a comprehensive conceptual solution for understanding the complex dynamics of history. ABSTRAK Artikel ini mengkaji perdebatan epistemologis mengenai asas kausalitas dalam sejarah, yang sering kali ditolak karena dianggap menegasikan kebebasan manusia. Dengan menggunakan metode hermeneutik melalui perspektif Qur'ani, artikel ini menganalisis permasalahan tersebut guna memberikan penjelasan sejarah yang logis dan ilmiah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kausalitas historis memiliki kompleksitas yang lebih tinggi daripada kausalitas alam karena melibatkan keunikan manusia. Kausalitas ini diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga jenis. Pertama, kausalitas kategoris, yaitu proses sebab-akibat mutlak tanpa ruang intervensi manusia. Kedua, kausalitas hipotetis, yakni proses yang terjadi jika kondisi atau syarat tertentu terpenuhi, di mana manusia memiliki kemampuan  untuk merekayasa kondisi sedemikian rupa demi mencapai akibat yang dikehendaki. Ketiga, kausalitas orientatif, yaitu hukum sebab-akibat dengan orientasi tertentu yang memberikan kelonggaran deviasi, namun akan memicu dampak destruktif jika batasnya terlampaui. Melalui klasifikasi ini, perspektif Qur'ani berhasil menawarkan solusi konseptual yang komprehensif dalam memahami dinamika sejarah.

Sanusi Ismail, Fauzi Saleh, Salman Abdul Muthalib et al. · 0 citations

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