Obesity remains one of the most significant medical and social problems in the Russian Federation, serving as a key risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. This review presents a systematic analysis of current data on the molecular and genetic basis of obesity, based on literature search and analysis in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and RSCI databases. The contribution of key genes to the development of metabolic disorders is examined, and the potential applications of genetic testing for personalizing preventive measures are evaluated. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the “Healthy Nutrition” educational cluster as an innovative model integrating scientific research, educational programs, and practical healthcare. Based on a comprehensive data analysis, practical algorithms for personalized prevention using genetic testing are proposed, the effectiveness of digital educational platforms is assessed, and organizational and economic aspects of implementing the cluster model in the Russian healthcare system are examined in detail. Particular importance is given to the development of practical recommendations for implementing a personalized approach in clinical practice and the public healthcare system. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of educational clusters for improving the obesity prevention system and can be used in developing targeted regional programs for public health promotion, which will contribute to reducing morbidity and improving the quality of life of the population.Keywords: For citation: Soshina M.S., Lapik I.A., Gapparova K.M., Tarmaeva I.Yu. Personalized obesity prevention: from genetic predictors to practical solutions. Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii / Health Care of the Russian Federation, Russian journal. 2026; 70(3): 225–229. https://doi.org/10.47470/0044-197X-2026-70-3-225-229 https://elibrary.ru/vjaycl (in Russian)For correspondence: Maria S. Soshina, e-mail: maria.soshina@gmail.com; Irina A. Lapik, e-mail: lapik_@inbox.ruContribution of the authors: Soshina M.S., Lapik I.A. — material collection and processing, writing the text, editing, references compilation; Gapparova K.M., Tarmaeva I.Yu. — research concept and design, editing, final approval. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Funding. The study was conducted as part of the state assignment FGMF-2023-0002.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Received: August 18, 2025 / Accepted: April 24, 2026 / Published: July 28, 2026
M. Soshina, I. Lapik, K. Gapparova et al.· Health Care of the Russian F...· 0 citations
Background/Objectives: Genetic polymorphisms modulate the risk of metabolic complications of obesity; yet, it remains unclear how genotype reshapes actual dietary intake and why these mechanisms differ between men and women. The aim of this study was to identify sex-specific associations of three common polymorphisms (MTHFR C677T, PPARG Pro12Ala, ADRB3 Trp64Arg) with habitual nutrient intake in patients with obesity, and to explore candidate sex-differentiated dietary hypotheses for future prospective testing. Methods: A single-centre cross-sectional study was performed in 348 patients with obesity (83 men, 265 women; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; age 18–60 years). Genotyping was performed by allele-specific real-time PCR from buccal swabs. Habitual intake of more than 18 nutrients was assessed using a standardised Russian software-based questionnaire. Statistical analysis included Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests with Bonferroni correction (threshold p < 0.017), as well as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Genotype distributions were tested for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and genotype–nutrient associations were additionally examined in models adjusted for age, BMI and total energy intake. Results: Three genotype–phenotype associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In men, the dominant-heterozygous MTHFR C/T genotype was associated with a hypercaloric dietary pattern—excess protein, fat, sodium and phosphorus—and with a high risk of arterial hypertension (OR 5.96, 95% CI 1.48–24.08; p = 0.010). The sodium load in C/T carriers was a consequence of overall overeating rather than a selective preference for salty foods. In men, ADRB3 Trp64Arg carriage was associated with massive dietary cholesterol overconsumption (+466% vs. +153% in Trp/Trp; p = 0.012), whereas in women the opposite direction was observed. The PPARG G/G genotype in women was associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.027), most pronounced under 40 years (p = 0.011), and is considered a marker of hepatic risk without a confirmed dietary target. In women, the MTHFR T/T homozygous genotype showed suggestive associations with excessive mono-/disaccharide intake and a tendency toward hypertension (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.07–6.43; p = 0.035); however, these did not survive FDR correction and require independent validation. Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms were associated with sex-specific patterns of actual dietary intake, a finding that extends current knowledge beyond biochemical risk associations. Based on these associations, we propose testable hypotheses rather than clinical recommendations: that caloric restriction (with consequent sodium reduction) in men with MTHFR C/T, cholesterol restriction in men with ADRB3 Arg64, and mono-/disaccharide restriction in women with MTHFR T/T might reduce metabolic risk; women with PPARG G/G may warrant ALT monitoring. These findings suggest that genotype-informed dietary strategies may need to be sex-specific, and that the window for intervention may be earlier in life than currently practised. However, these hypotheses require prospective interventional validation before any clinical application.
I. Lapik, I. Tarmaeva, D. B. Nikityuk· Nutrients· 0 citations
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