I. Ş. Bayrakdar

Sex estimation from hand-wrist radiographic images: an artificial intelligence approach.

Both YOLOv8 and YOLOv11 outperformed YOLOv5 across all metrics, demonstrating superior feature extraction capacity and robust convergence and indicate that next-generation YOLO architectures enable highly accurate and fully automated sex estimation from hand-wrist radiographs without the need for manual annotation or region-of-interest selection.