Exosomal Growth Factors from Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DSPCs) and Macrophage Secretome: Impact on Osteoblast Viability
Advances in immune engineering aim to accelerate tissue regeneration. Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating the initiation of regeneration, balancing it through pro-inflammatory (M1) and reparative (M2) activities. Exosomes from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) carry osteogenic signals that can promote bone forma...