Author

I. Jugănaru

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Review Open access Jul 2026

Assessing Generative AI Adoption, Tool Preferences, and Cognitive Reliance Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have entered medical education faster than guidance for their responsible use. Although a rapidly expanding 2024–2026 literature has examined generative AI adoption, attitudes, and AI literacy among healthcare students, comparatively little is known about which specific tools medical students prefer or whether reliance on them carries measurable cognitive risks. We characterized adoption patterns, tool preferences, perceived benefits, and determinants of cognitive overdependence among medical students. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional survey was administered to 141 medical students across preclinical and clinical years at a single institution. A 28-item instrument captured usage patterns, perceived learning benefit, output trust, verification behavior, and AI overdependence risk. Analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square tests, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical regression. Results: Unless otherwise specified, values are reported as group mean scores on 1–5 Likert agreement scales or as percentages of respondents. ChatGPT was the primary tool for 69.5% of respondents, followed by Claude (12.1%). Daily users reported greater perceived learning benefit than infrequent users (4.14 vs. 3.36; p < 0.001). Clinical students verified AI outputs more often than preclinical students (3.69 vs. 3.21; p < 0.001), while preclinical students showed higher reliance (p = 0.002); verification moderated overdependence risk across academic years (interaction p = 0.041). AI familiarity (β = 0.31) and verification habit (β = −0.22) were the strongest predictors of integration acceptance (R2 = 0.34). Conclusions: Reliance and verification habits diverge by training stage; curricula should pair AI literacy with explicit verification training to mitigate overdependence. As a single-center, self-report study, these findings require multi-center confirmation; nonetheless, to our knowledge, this is among the first studies to jointly profile students’ tool-specific reliability perceptions and to identify verification behavior as a moderator that buffers familiarity-driven overdependence.

D. Popa, C. Levai, F. Buleu et al. · International Medical Educat... · 0 citations

Case report Open access Aug 2026

Early-Onset TRNT1-Related SIFD Syndrome with an Additional Monoallelic C7 Variant: A Pediatric Case Report

Background and Clinical Significance: Sideroblastic anemia with immunodeficiency, fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic variants in the TRNT1 gene, which encodes tRNA nucleotidyltransferase 1. The disease typically presents early in life with microcytic anemia, recurrent febrile episodes, developmental delay, and immune dysfunction. Because of its rarity and variable clinical expression, diagnosis may be challenging, and broad genetic testing can identify additional variants whose clinical significance requires careful interpretation. Case Presentation: We report a 4-month-old male infant with recurrent febrile episodes, severe recurrent microcytic anemia, recurrent infections, mild psychomotor developmental delay, and multisystem involvement. Genetic analysis identified two heterozygous TRNT1 variants inherited from different parents and confirmed to be in trans: a maternally inherited pathogenic frameshift variant, c.428_431del, p.(Asp143Glyfs12), and a paternally inherited missense variant, c.1246A>G, p.(Lys416Glu), initially classified as a variant of uncertain significance and subsequently interpreted as likely pathogenic in the context of the clinical phenotype and segregation findings. These findings supported the diagnosis of TRNT1-related SIFD syndrome. An additional heterozygous pathogenic C7 variant, c.633_643del, p.(Ser212Hisfs4), was identified. No second pathogenic C7 allele was detected, and functional complement testing was not performed; therefore, complement component 7 deficiency could not be established. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of early genetic evaluation in infants with recurrent fever, microcytic anemia, immune abnormalities, and multisystem involvement. It also emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation of additional monoallelic pathogenic variants detected by broad genetic panels when functional confirmation and a compatible inheritance pattern are lacking.

I. Jugănaru, Adriana Cojocaru, Andreea Grigoriță et al. · Diagnostics · 0 citations