Observation-based mine-level methane emission factors uncover inventory biases and constrain emissions from Shanxi’s Coal Mines
Bottom-up coal mine methane (CMM) inventories rely on static or empirically derived emission factors (EFs), and therefore mine-level emissions are poorly constrained, limiting the use of these inventories for implementing detailed mitigation strategies. Here, we compiled 1418 satellite-detected methane plumes (2019–202...