Skill-augmented agents improve sample efficiency by distilling successful trajectories into reusable strategies. Yet most existing approaches remain text-centric, linearizing spatial layouts and action-state correspondences into language that loses critical geometric structure. Recent efforts have begun incorporating v...
Hong-Xing Li, Ding-Ming Li, Yi-Xin Li et al.· 0 citations
Existing spatial reasoning benchmarks mainly test spatial perception: reading off relations already visible in the input. Yet real-world spatial intelligence demands predictive spatial reasoning: constructing a scene from observations, anticipating how an intervention changes it, and reasoning about the unseen outcome....
Hong-Xing Li, Jin-Yue Su, Ding-Ming Li et al.· 0 citations
Spatial reasoning remains a persistent weakness of vision-language models (VLMs), because RGB inputs do not directly provide geometric evidence. Existing remedies either inject 3D into the model at inference, paying architecture and latency costs, or train with outcome rewards that supervise only the final answer. Spat...
Hong-Xing Li, Yi-Xin Li, Ding-Ming Li et al.· 0 citations
A Gaussian guidance framework that draws the depth per task from a Gaussian whose center and spread are estimated online from rollouts already collected for policy optimization, requiring no probe rollouts or learned depth predictor is proposed.
Zi-Xuan Wang, Yan-Rui Miao, Zhengxi Lu et al.· 0 citations
As large language models are increasingly deployed in real-world systems, safety failures can still lead to harmful outputs and dangerous misuse. We argue that the essence of safety is adversarial: many failures arise not from natural inputs alone, but from strategic attempts to evade model policies and safeguards. How...
Ting Ma, Xiufeng Huang, Benlei Cui et al.· 0 citations
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