Bipolar plates (BPs) constitute the primary structural and functional components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), accounting for approximately 60%–80% of the total stack weight and 30%–45% of the total cost. The lightweight design of bipolar plates has emerged as a critical research frontier for enhanci...
Ying-Shuai Liu, Heng Zhang, Xiao-Chong Tian et al.· Frontiers of Mechanical Engi...· 0 citations
To provide a comprehensive and balanced perspective, the review also acknowledges well-established mainstream alternatives, including induction motors (IMs), which have demonstrated practical viability in commercial EV applications such as Tesla’s early production models. Variable flux motors (VFMs) have emerged as a t...
The in-wheel motor (IWM) drive system represents one of the most promising architectures for new energy vehicles (NEVs), offering distinct advantages in drivetrain efficiency, vehicle packaging flexibility, and independent wheel torque control. This review systematically examines the structural design aspects of in-whe...
