The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) has raised short-circuit current levels, potentially affecting the coordination of overcurrent relays (OCRs) used for distribution network protection. To address this issue, this study applies the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to optimize the time dial setting (TDS) with the objective of minimizing the total operating time of main relays while satisfying the required coordination time interval (CTI) constraints. The optimization results are compared with those obtained using particle swarm optimization (PSO) for three IEC standard inverse-time characteristics, and the selected characteristic is validated using ETAP simulations. The optimization results show that the Extremely Inverse (EI) characteristic achieves the minimum total main relay operating time of 3.0780 s while maintaining the minimum CTI requirement of 0.20 s. Furthermore, GOA produces optimization results comparable to PSO, with differences of less than 0.3% across all tested characteristics. These findings indicate that GOA is an effective alternative for improving OCR coordination while maintaining the required CTI standards.
Rizki Adi Wijaya, M. Pujiantara, Hendra Kusuma· International Seminar on Int...· 0 citations
This study presents an acoustic camera-based approach for characterizing partial discharge (PD) signals in a 20 kV switchgear using time-frequency analysis. Acoustic signals were acquired using an acoustic camera and processed through audio extraction, bandpass filtering, and segmentation. Subsequently, Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Melspectrogram representations were employed to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of the recorded signals. Several features, including Root Mean Square (RMS), Spectral Centroid, Band Energy Ratio (BER), Entropy, Mel Energy, and Mel Entropy, were extracted to characterize the energy and frequency distributions associated with different PD conditions. Experimental measurements were conducted under five operating conditions, namely normal, corona, void, surface, and arc discharges. The results reveal distinct spectral patterns and feature distributions for each discharge type, demonstrating the capability of time-frequency analysis to capture characteristic acoustic signatures of PD activity. The proposed approach provides a systematic framework for acoustic PD characterization and contributes to a better understanding of discharge-related acoustic behavior in medium-voltage switchgear applications.
Gregorius Satrio Kuncoro, Daniar Fahmi, Hendra Kusuma· International Seminar on Int...· 0 citations
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