Catecholamines modulate pathogen-probiotic-host interactions: insights from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pediococcus pentosaceus
Stress-related catecholamine hormones, including epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (Dopa), are increasingly recognized as modulators of bacterial physiology. However, the human microbiota represents a highly interconnected network of commensal and pathogenic species that continuously respond to host-...