Hauwa Ibrahim

Multimodal Large Language Models for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey of Perception, Reasoning, Planning, and Safety Assurance

This 2026 survey synthesises 39 primary sources selected from an initial corpus of 274 candidate records screened over 2020-2026, organises the field around a five-role pipeline taxonomy (perception, prediction, planning, control, and human-machine interaction), and compares six representative driving MLLMs on accuracy, latency, and parameter footprint.