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Hao Wu

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Jul 2026

SOAP, Muon, and Beyond: Pushing LLM Pretraining Scales

This work adapt and enhance preconditioned gradient methods to overcome the practical challenges of large-scale LLM pretraining and proposes algorithmic modifications including per-step QR orthogonalization and improved preconditioning strategies to enable stable training in these regimes.

Mikail Khona, Aditya Vavre, Boxiang Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Dec 2025

Scoring, Reasoning, and Selecting the Best! Ensembling Large Language Models via a Peer-Review Process

We propose LLM-PeerReview, an unsupervised LLM Ensemble method that selects the most ideal response from multiple LLM-generated candidates for each query, harnessing the collective wisdom of multiple models with diverse strengths. LLM-PeerReview is built on a novel, peer-review-inspired framework that offers a transparent and interpretable mechanism, while remaining fully unsupervised for flexible adaptability and generalization. Specifically, it operates in three stages: For scoring, we use the emerging LLM-as-a-Judge technique to evaluate each response by reusing multiple LLMs at hand; For reasoning, we can apply a straightforward averaging strategy or a principled graphical model-based truth inference algorithm to aggregate multiple scores to produce a final score for each response; Finally, the highest-scoring response is selected as the best ensemble output. LLM-PeerReview is conceptually simple and empirically powerful. Our results across four datasets show that the two variants of the proposed approach outperform the advanced model Smoothie-Global by 6.9% and 7.3% points, cross diverse task types including factual recall QA, math reasoning, and instruction following. Notably, we also establish a carefully curated benchmark suite for LLM Ensemble, integrating 12 methods across four classic datasets and three task families, all evaluated under a rigorous and consistent protocol. We hope this repository will help researchers reproduce the LLM Ensemble baselines.

Zhijun Chen, Zeyu Ji, Qianren Mao et al. · 5 citations

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