Large language models (LLMs) progressively revise their predictions across Transformer layers, yet we typically observe only the final output, discarding the trajectory through which it is formed. We introduce Belief-Trajectory Energy(BTE), a model-grounded measure that characterizes an input through the layerwise pred...
TIPS (Thinking-Induced Process Supervision), an outcome-only reinforcement learning (RL) framework for training generative PRMs, is introduced and validated, demonstrating the effectiveness of TIPS across math and agent benchmarks and four backbone families.
Sheng-Da Fan, Xin Cong, Zhong Zhang et al.· 0 citations
Results indicate that SciDSK improves how agents locate and understand scientific datasets, providing a stronger foundation for actionable scientific data use.
Xiao-Han Huang, Qing-Qing Long, Xiaolei Du et al.· 0 citations
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