Evaluation of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Initiation and Propagation: A Cross-Standard, Multilevel Evidence-Chain and Equivalence-Assessment Framework
Thermal runaway (TR) initiation and propagation tests are essential for evaluating the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, differences among existing standards in application scenarios, test levels, initiation methods, boundary conditions, and acceptance criteria hinder direct comparison and cross-level tr...