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Sponsored Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition

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Hao-Chen Huang

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Preprint Sep 2026

HDA-MoE: Hybrid Parallelism and Dynamic, Adaptive Scheduling for Mixture-of-Experts with 3D Near-Memory Processing

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become a key technique for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling high model capacity with reduced computational cost. However, this efficiency comes at the expense of increased memory capacity and bandwidth demands. Recent 3D Near-Memory Processing (NMP) architectures, which vertically integrate memory and compute through hybrid bonding, provide high internal bandwidth and energy efficiency, making them attractive for accelerating MoE inference. Nevertheless, the distributed memory and compute organization of NMP systems introduces new challenges for mapping MoE workloads. Existing parallelization strategies, such as Tensor Parallelism (TP) and Expert Parallelism (EP), suffer from either high communication costs or unbalanced computation utilization, leading to inferior efficiency. In addition, the dynamic routing behavior of MoE models further complicates efficient deployment. To address these challenges, we present HDA-MoE, a framework that optimizes MoE execution on NMP architectures through hybrid parallel deployment and runtime scheduling. HDA-MoE integrates an offline hybrid parallel mapping algorithm with an online dynamic and adaptive scheduling mechanism to reduce communication overhead while improving computation utilization. Experimental results show that HDA-MoE achieves a speedup of 1.1x--3.4x over TP, 1.1x--1.5x over EP, 1.1x--3.7x over the Hybrid TP-EP compute-balanced baseline, and 1.1x--1.3x over HD-MoE. Source code is available at https://github.com/PKU-SEC-Lab/HDA-MoE-TCAD26.

Hao-Chen Huang, Shu-Zhang Zhong, Sheng-Xuan Qiu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2026

S2-MoE: Enabling Efficient Self-Speculative Decoding for Mixture-of-Experts on Edge Devices

Deploying large language models (LLMs) for inference on edge devices is challenging due to severe memory and bandwidth constraints. While speculative decoding and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) have been proposed to improve inference efficiency, naively combining them often incurs excessive verification overhead and poor expert reuse, limiting their effectiveness in memory-bound edge settings. In this work, we propose S2-MoE, an efficient self-speculative decoding framework for MoE inference on edge devices. S2-MoE reduces redundant verification through routing-aware adaptive speculative expansion, improves verification efficiency with reuse-aware expert gating, and aligns draft and target execution via shared context. Implemented in llama$.$cpp, S2-MoE achieves up to $5.3\times$ speedup (about $2.0\times$ on average) over standard autoregressive decoding across diverse MoE models and datasets on edge devices. Code is available at https://github.com/angerybob/S2-MoE.

Haochen Huang, Shengxuan Qiu, Meng Li · 0 citations

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