Association of joint line changes with patient-reported outcomes after cruciate-retaining robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty with functional alignment.
PURPOSE Robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (R-TKA) enables precise bone resection and real-time intraoperative gap adjustment, facilitating functional alignment (FA). However, performing FA with standardized implants may cause unintended changes in the joint line (JL), and their clinical relevance remains unc...